Brussels Griffon

From Belgian stable dog to family companion

Small rough coated stable dogs once caught rats and guarded carriages in Belgium. Pugs and small spaniels were among the dogs crossed into this population during the nineteenth century, contributing to the short muzzle seen today. The interest of Belgium’s Queen Marie Henriette helped bring these companions wider attention towards the end of that century.

Breed names need a little explanation here. The international canine organisation FCI recognises three related Belgian breeds. The Griffon Bruxellois has a red rough coat. The Griffon Belge is also rough coated, but black or black with tan markings. The Petit Brabançon has a short smooth coat. In the United States and Britain, these coat varieties are grouped under Brussels Griffon or Griffon Bruxellois. This profile focuses on the red rough coated Griffon Bruxellois.

The compact body is approximately as long as it is tall. The FCI standard gives a weight of 3.5 to 6 kilograms. The beard and eyebrows emphasise the alert face. Eyes should not protrude and nostrils should be wide open. An especially flat muzzle should not be a beauty goal when choosing a dog. Comfortable breathing and movement matter more.

Many Griffons seek close contact with familiar people and enjoy following them around the home. Some are quick to announce visitors. Young children can easily handle this small dog too roughly, so an adult should guide interactions and play. With other dogs, calm, suitable companions can help. Size differences should be considered when deciding whether play is comfortable for both dogs.

Day-to-day care

The rough coat should be brushed and gently combed several times a week. Food and water can collect in the beard. A damp cloth can remove these residues, after which the beard should be able to dry so the skin beneath does not stay wet.

Hand stripping is often used to preserve the harsh coat texture. It removes old hairs that are ready to come out. Anyone unfamiliar with this method should have an experienced groomer demonstrate it. Clipping is also common for family pets, although it can change the texture and colour. Grooming should suit the dog’s actual coat and skin.

Dental care deserves particular attention in this small dog. Teeth can be crowded in the short jaw. Toothbrushing with dog toothpaste and regular veterinary checks help identify problems early. Eyes should be checked for redness, watering or squinting. Signs of pain should be investigated rather than repeatedly treated with home remedies.

Size and build

A young Griffon should be able to explore at a calm pace. Controlled introductions to friendly dogs are more suitable for its small size than rough play with much heavier animals. Small rewards and brief lessons can help it learn. Regular trips outdoors support toilet training, especially after waking and eating.

An adult’s exercise and activities should suit its fitness and breathing. Short walks and simple search games can remain interesting in later years. Increased tiredness, changes in getting up or worsening breathing noises should be investigated. The American Kennel Club lists a life expectancy of twelve to fifteen years.

From puppy to senior: caring for your dog through every life stage ↗